Abstract This paper analyzed several longitudinal data sets for investigating the dynamic inter-relationships between CO2 emissions and concentrations, ambient temperatures, and ocean acidification and deoxygenation. The methodological framework addressed issues such as the use of temperature “anomalies”, diffusion of CO2 from emitting countries to atmospheric stations, and differential seasonal warming patterns in the hemispheres. Longitudinal data on ambient temperatures from 8,500 weather stations, CO2 emissions for 160 countries and atmospheric CO2 concentrations at ten stations, and seawater composition from 47,000 oceanographic stations were analyzed for 1985-2018 using dynamic random effects models and maximum likelihood methods.
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